What sort of conduct can be classified as "criminal conduct," impacting 1st Amendment protections?

Criminal conduct, particularly in the context of the First Amendment protections, includes actions that can be classified as threatening speech. The First Amendment guarantees freedoms related to religion, expression, assembly, and the right to petition; however, these freedoms are not absolute. Threatening speech, which can incite violence or pose a direct threat to individuals or groups, is not protected under the First Amendment. This includes speech that would reasonably lead others to fear for their safety or that of others. Courts have recognized that the government has a legitimate interest in preventing harm and upholding public order, which allows for the regulation of threatening conduct without infringing on constitutional protections.

In contrast, peaceful assembly, lawful pamphlet distribution, and the exercise of religious beliefs are all protected activities under the First Amendment, as they do not pose threats to public safety or violate laws.